It’s been said that dogs personify all the virtues of humans without the vices. Henry James wrote that his dog was “most reasonable and well-mannered” and Plato that “a dog has the soul of a philosopher.” Over the years, dogs have taught us many things: loyalty, courage, and to turn around three times before lying down. Yet even in the face of millennia of evidence of thoughtful dogs, there has been little systematic scientific study until recently of what is actually going on in the dog’s mind, and some people even question whether dogs have the capacity for that which we call mind. (more…)